UpCloud Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB

Amsterdam #1

Benchmark complete

Finished Oct 7, 2026

Geekbench 7 single-core

Skipped

Geekbench 7 multi-core

Skipped

Disk 4K IOPS

18,572

fio random read and write, 50/50

Median here: 16,445 over 2 runs in 90 days

Monthly price at test time

€3.50 EUR

Same price today

Server

UpCloud Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB

Provider

UpCloud
Plan

Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB
Location

Amsterdam #1
vCPU

1
RAM

1 GB
Storage

10 GB
Network

Unknown
OS image

01000000-0000-4000-8000-000030240200
Trigger

Scheduled
Queued at

Oct 7, 2026, 19:28:00 UTC

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Latest runs of this plan

Full history of this plan

CPU

Geekbench was skipped because this plan has less than 2 GB of RAM, which isn't enough for Geekbench 7 to run without swap.

Memory, TLS and scheduler

Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

Test	Result	Runs	Spread
Copy higher is better	29.9 GB/s	3	0.277%
Scale higher is better	19.6 GB/s	3	0.417%
Add higher is better	22 GB/s	3	0.795%
Triad higher is better	22.2 GB/s	3	0.692%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

Test	Result	Runs	Spread
RSA 4096 signs higher is better	224/s	3	0.956%
RSA 4096 verifies higher is better	14,506/s	3	3.27%
SHA-256 higher is better	679 MB/s	3	1.01%
AES-256-GCM higher is better	3.42 GB/s	3	2.07%
ChaCha20-Poly1305 higher is better	1.76 GB/s	3	0.837%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Scheduler latency (schbench)

Test	Result	Runs	Spread
Request latency, median lower is better	4.17 ms	3	0.586%
Requests per second, 90th percentile higher is better	236/s	3	0.424%
Request latency, 99.9th percentile lower is better	8.35 ms	3	1.89%
Requests per second, average higher is better	232/s	3	0.992%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Disk

Block size	Read	Write	Total
4K	36.2 MB/s (9,274 IOPS)	36.3 MB/s (9,298 IOPS)	72.5 MB/s (18,572 IOPS)
64K	399.3 MB/s (6,389 IOPS)	401.4 MB/s (6,423 IOPS)	800.8 MB/s (12,812 IOPS)
512K	382.6 MB/s (765 IOPS)	403 MB/s (805 IOPS)	785.6 MB/s (1,570 IOPS)
1M	379.3 MB/s (379 IOPS)	404.6 MB/s (404 IOPS)	783.9 MB/s (783 IOPS)

fio random read and write, 50/50, run by YABS against the boot disk.

Network

IPv4 transfer speed

Target	Protocol	Send	Receive
Clouvider, London, UK (10G)	IPv4	1.07 Gbps	1.07 Gbps
Eranium, Amsterdam, NL (100G)	IPv4	1.07 Gbps	1.07 Gbps
Leaseweb, Singapore, SG (10G)	IPv4	942 Mbps	918 Mbps
Clouvider, Los Angeles, CA, US (10G)	IPv4	busy	967 Mbps
Leaseweb, NYC, NY, US (10G)	IPv4	1 Gbps	1.01 Gbps

Public iperf3 servers vary in capacity and availability. Compare a target only with itself over time.

Datastores

PostgreSQL

fsync speed (pg_test_fsync)

Method	Operations per second	Time per operation
One 8 kB write
open_datasync	3,133	0.319 ms
fdatasync	2,942	0.34 ms
fsync	1,425	0.702 ms
fsync_writethrough	Not supported here	n/a
open_sync	2,011	0.497 ms
Two 8 kB writes
open_datasync	1,646	0.608 ms
fdatasync	2,757	0.363 ms
fsync	1,463	0.683 ms
fsync_writethrough	Not supported here	n/a
open_sync	964	1.04 ms
open_sync at different write sizes
1 * 16kB open_sync write	1,651	0.606 ms
2 * 8kB open_sync writes	950	1.05 ms
4 * 4kB open_sync writes	441	2.27 ms
8 * 2kB open_sync writes	227	4.41 ms
16 * 1kB open_sync writes	118	8.48 ms
fsync on a non-write descriptor
write, fsync, close	1,638	0.61 ms
write, close, fsync	1,722	0.581 ms
Non-synced 8 kB writes
write	514,163	0.002 ms

pg_test_fsync against the Docker volume Postgres keeps its data on. fdatasync is Linux's default wal_sync_method.

pgbench at scale 10

Workload	Clients	Transactions/s	Median	p95	p99	p99.9
Read/write (TPC-B like)	1	1,467	0.604 ms	0.949 ms	1.99 ms	6.49 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	8	2,653	2.67 ms	5.06 ms	7.28 ms	21.2 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	32	2,374	10.6 ms	31.6 ms	55.3 ms	89.4 ms
Read only	1	24,505	0.036 ms	0.056 ms	0.073 ms	0.24 ms
Read only	8	26,546	0.25 ms	0.469 ms	0.588 ms	1.27 ms
Read only	32	26,346	1.01 ms	1.49 ms	1.98 ms	3.42 ms

Scale 10 (1,000,000 accounts), loaded in 2.31 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

pgbench at scale 100

Workload	Clients	Transactions/s	Median	p95	p99	p99.9
Read/write (TPC-B like)	1	918	0.941 ms	1.67 ms	3.82 ms	49.4 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	8	1,782	3.59 ms	7.03 ms	24.7 ms	82.5 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	32	1,925	14.4 ms	23.8 ms	79.8 ms	95.8 ms
Read only	1	3,163	0.299 ms	0.492 ms	1.34 ms	3.2 ms
Read only	8	6,118	0.824 ms	1.81 ms	28.3 ms	39.3 ms
Read only	32	6,194	2.88 ms	24.4 ms	43.6 ms	48 ms

Scale 100 (10,000,000 accounts), loaded in 23.3 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

MySQL

sysbench OLTP

Workload	Threads	Transactions/s	Queries/s	Median	p95	p99
Read/write	1	252	5,042	3.3 ms	6.1 ms	13.5 ms
Read/write	8	430	8,595	17.3 ms	27.7 ms	40.4 ms
Read/write	32	442	8,835	66.8 ms	117 ms	148 ms
Read only	1	858	13,725	1.08 ms	1.5 ms	2 ms
Read only	8	819	13,110	9.56 ms	12.1 ms	14.2 ms
Read only	32	737	11,796	42.6 ms	54.8 ms	65.6 ms

10 tables of 100,000 rows, loaded in 16.8 s. 60 s per run, one connection per thread.

Redis

memtier

Mix	Operations/s	Hits/s	Median	p99	p99.9
1:10 set:get	33,998	30,907	1.84 ms	3.55 ms	5.6 ms
1:1 set:get	33,002	16,501	1.91 ms	3.84 ms	6.02 ms

1,000,000 keys of 32 bytes. 64 connections over 1 thread, 60 s per ratio.

Web frameworks

Framework	Fortunes req/s	Single query req/s	JSON req/s	Fortunes p99 at 256 connections
Next.js	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Express	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Fastify	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
NestJS	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Nuxt	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
FastAPI	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Django	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Rails	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Laravel	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Symfony	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.

WooCommerce

Page mix

Step	Requests/s	Median	p95	p99	Error rate
8 virtual users
Home page	1.1	1.32 s	1.5 s	1.62 s	0%
Shop page	1.1	1.7 s	1.93 s	1.96 s	0%
Category page	1.1	1.55 s	1.84 s	1.9 s	0%
Product page	1.1	1.32 s	1.52 s	1.6 s	0%
Product search	1.1	1.21 s	1.36 s	1.39 s	0%
32 virtual users
Home page	1.36	5.04 s	5.8 s	5.86 s	0%
Shop page	1.3	6.8 s	7.85 s	8.06 s	0%
Category page	0.906	6.16 s	7.59 s	7.85 s	0%
Product page	0.906	5.2 s	5.6 s	5.66 s	0%
Product search	0.906	4.92 s	5.57 s	5.63 s	0%

Cart and checkout

Step	Requests/s	Median	p95	p99	Error rate
8 virtual users
Add to cart	2.09	1.25 s	1.5 s	1.55 s	0%
Cart	2.09	1.31 s	1.43 s	1.49 s	0%
Checkout	2.09	1.03 s	1.18 s	1.21 s	0%
32 virtual users
Add to cart	2.26	4.79 s	5.95 s	6.14 s	0%
Cart	2.26	5.47 s	6.02 s	6.12 s	0%
Checkout	1.81	4.39 s	4.96 s	5.1 s	0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 65 to 71 s per level. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200.

Advertised vs. measured

Spec	Advertised	Measured
vCPU	1	1
CPU	Shared vCPU	0.2% of busy CPU time stolen
RAM	1 GB	849 MiB
Storage	10 GB	9.8 GiB
Architecture	x86_64	x86_64
Virtualization	KVM	KVM

Guests usually report slightly less RAM and disk than advertised because of kernel reservations and filesystem overhead.

Detected hardware

CPU model: AMD EPYC 7542 32-Core Processor
CPU cores: 1
CPU frequency: 2895 MHz
AES-NI: Yes
VM-x/AMD-V: No
RAM reported: 849 MiB
Swap reported: 0 MiB
Disk reported: 9.8 GiB
Virtualization reported: KVM
CPU steal: 0.2% of busy CPU time stolen
Distro: Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Kernel: 6.8.0-137-generic
Architecture: x86_64
IPv4 reachable: Yes
IPv6 reachable: Yes

Advertised at test time

Plan: Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB
Product line: Starter
Location: Amsterdam #1
vCPU: 1 shared vCPU
Architecture: x86_64
RAM: 1 GB
Storage: 10 GB
Virtualization: KVM
Network: Unknown
Transfer: 512 GB
Port 25: Unknown
Monthly price at test time: €3.50 EUR
Hourly price at test time: €0.0052 EUR
YABS version: v2026-09-20
Ran at: Oct 7, 2026, 19:31:07 UTC
Parser version: 5

Run timeline

Queued: Oct 7, 2026, 19:28:00 UTC
Server created: Oct 7, 2026, 19:29:30 UTC
First update from the server: Oct 7, 2026, 19:29:30 UTC
Completed: Oct 7, 2026, 20:40:59 UTC
Server deleted: Oct 7, 2026, 20:40:59 UTC
Cost of this run: €0.0063 EUR

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RackCensus

Server

Latest runs of this plan

CPU

Memory, TLS and scheduler

Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

Scheduler latency (schbench)

Disk

Network

IPv4 transfer speed

Datastores

PostgreSQL

fsync speed (pg_test_fsync)

pgbench at scale 10

pgbench at scale 100

MySQL

sysbench OLTP

Redis

memtier

Web frameworks

WooCommerce

Page mix

Cart and checkout

Advertised vs. measured

Detected hardware

Advertised at test time

Run timeline

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