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LunaNode m.1s 1 vCPU / 1 GB

Toronto

Benchmark complete
Finished Oct 13, 2026
Geekbench 7 single-core
Skipped
Geekbench 7 multi-core
Skipped
Disk 4K IOPS
47,694
fio random read and write, 50/50
Monthly price at test time
$3.50
Same price today

Server

  • Provider
    LunaNode
  • Plan
    m.1s 1 vCPU / 1 GB
  • Location
    Toronto
  • vCPU
    1
  • RAM
    1 GB
  • Storage
    15 GB SSD
  • Network
    Unknown
  • OS image
    Ubuntu 24.04 64-bit (template)
  • Trigger
    Scheduled
  • Queued at
    Oct 13, 2026, 14:54:00 UTC
Visit LunaNode

CPU

Geekbench was skipped because this plan has less than 2 GB of RAM, which isn't enough for Geekbench 7 to run without swap.

Memory, TLS and scheduler

Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

Test Result Runs Spread
Copy higher is better 7.12 GB/s 3 1.35%
Scale higher is better 11.2 GB/s 3 0.729%
Add higher is better 11.5 GB/s 3 1.64%
Triad higher is better 11.4 GB/s 3 1.31%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

Test Result Runs Spread
RSA 4096 signs higher is better 115/s 3 2.1%
RSA 4096 verifies higher is better 7,757/s 3 1.33%
SHA-256 higher is better 199 MB/s 3 1.01%
AES-256-GCM higher is better 1.05 GB/s 3 3.21%
ChaCha20-Poly1305 higher is better 864 MB/s 3 0.25%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Scheduler latency (schbench)

Test Result Runs Spread
Request latency, median lower is better 5.1 ms 3 1.09%
Requests per second, 90th percentile higher is better 192/s 3 0.301%
Request latency, 99.9th percentile lower is better 16.5 ms 3 41.5%
Requests per second, average higher is better 183/s 3 1.73%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Disk

Block size Read Write Total
4K 93 MB/s (23,816 IOPS) 93.3 MB/s (23,878 IOPS) 186.3 MB/s (47,694 IOPS)
64K 958.1 MB/s (15,329 IOPS) 963.1 MB/s (15,409 IOPS) 1.88 GB/s (30,738 IOPS)
512K 1.23 GB/s (2,525 IOPS) 1.3 GB/s (2,659 IOPS) 2.53 GB/s (5,184 IOPS)
1M 1.39 GB/s (1,426 IOPS) 1.49 GB/s (1,521 IOPS) 2.88 GB/s (2,947 IOPS)

fio random read and write, 50/50, run by YABS against the boot disk.

Network

IPv4 transfer speed

Loading...
Target Protocol Send Receive
Clouvider, London, UK (10G) IPv4 623 Mbps 421 Mbps
Eranium, Amsterdam, NL (100G) IPv4 641 Mbps 767 Mbps
Leaseweb, Singapore, SG (10G) IPv4 552 Mbps 382 Mbps
Clouvider, Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) IPv4 717 Mbps 447 Mbps
Leaseweb, NYC, NY, US (10G) IPv4 690 Mbps 678 Mbps

Public iperf3 servers vary in capacity and availability. Compare a target only with itself over time.

Datastores

PostgreSQL

fsync speed (pg_test_fsync)

Method Operations per second Time per operation
One 8 kB write
open_datasync 3,293 0.304 ms
fdatasync 3,225 0.31 ms
fsync 1,702 0.588 ms
fsync_writethrough Not supported here n/a
open_sync 1,347 0.743 ms
Two 8 kB writes
open_datasync 1,608 0.622 ms
fdatasync 2,613 0.383 ms
fsync 1,456 0.687 ms
fsync_writethrough Not supported here n/a
open_sync 821 1.22 ms
open_sync at different write sizes
1 * 16kB open_sync write 1,455 0.687 ms
2 * 8kB open_sync writes 868 1.15 ms
4 * 4kB open_sync writes 460 2.17 ms
8 * 2kB open_sync writes 266 3.77 ms
16 * 1kB open_sync writes 136 7.35 ms
fsync on a non-write descriptor
write, fsync, close 1,645 0.608 ms
write, close, fsync 1,753 0.57 ms
Non-synced 8 kB writes
write 494,999 0.002 ms

pg_test_fsync against the Docker volume Postgres keeps its data on. fdatasync is Linux's default wal_sync_method.

pgbench at scale 10

Workload Clients Transactions/s Median p95 p99 p99.9 Failed
Read/write (TPC-B like) 1 830 0.995 ms 2.07 ms 4.55 ms 18.8 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 8 1,201 5.85 ms 11.6 ms 19.1 ms 40.7 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 32 1,093 24.2 ms 62.6 ms 102 ms 145 ms 0
Read only 1 11,439 0.075 ms 0.13 ms 0.17 ms 1.01 ms 0
Read only 8 11,979 0.591 ms 1.08 ms 1.54 ms 2.52 ms 0
Read only 32 8,969 2.89 ms 6.34 ms 9.08 ms 15.9 ms 0

Scale 10 (1,000,000 accounts), loaded in 4.86 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

pgbench at scale 100

Workload Clients Transactions/s Median p95 p99 p99.9 Failed
Read/write (TPC-B like) 1 645 1.3 ms 2.85 ms 6.02 ms 19.4 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 8 953 7.52 ms 14 ms 22.1 ms 33.7 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 32 937 32 ms 49.8 ms 67.5 ms 134 ms 0
Read only 1 1,515 0.368 ms 1.01 ms 2.27 ms 85.1 ms 0
Read only 8 368 2.21 ms 95 ms 192 ms 201 ms 0
Read only 32 342 95.6 ms 197 ms 398 ms 505 ms 0

Scale 100 (10,000,000 accounts), loaded in 37.6 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

MySQL

sysbench OLTP

Workload Threads Transactions/s Queries/s Median p95 p99 Errors
Read/write 1 134 2,681 6.32 ms 13.5 ms 23.1 ms 0
Read/write 8 197 3,943 37.6 ms 61.1 ms 83 ms 0
Read/write 32 193 3,852 153 ms 258 ms 350 ms 0
Read only 1 419 6,705 2.15 ms 3.55 ms 4.91 ms 0
Read only 8 290 4,633 18.6 ms 97.6 ms 204 ms 0
Read only 32 54 863 511 ms 1.19 s 1.59 s 0

10 tables of 100,000 rows, loaded in 131 s. 60 to 61 s per run, one connection per thread.

Redis

memtier

Mix Operations/s Hits/s Median p99 p99.9
1:10 set:get 2,041 1,855 6.05 ms 99.3 ms 198 ms
1:1 set:get 1,878 939 6.62 ms 104 ms 196 ms

1,000,000 keys of 32 bytes. 64 connections over 1 thread, 60 s per ratio.

Web frameworks

Framework Fortunes req/s Single query req/s JSON req/s Fortunes p99 at 256 connections
Next.js nextjs 99.3 55.4 74.8 6.54 s
Express express-postgresjs 2,718 2,711 5,304 4.07 s
Fastify fastify-postgres 426 486 5,121 4.36 s
NestJS nestjs 124 140 467 6.49 s
Nuxt nuxt 2,128 2,656 4,003 5.64 s
FastAPI fastapi 140 166 3,665 5.31 s
Django django-postgresql 69.7 79.4 178 4.69 s
Rails rails 745 987 3,242 414 ms
Laravel laravel 27.2 49.3 380 7.82 s
Symfony symfony 30.6 39.8 111 8 s

Peak requests per second across the 64 and 256 connection levels, measured with wrk. Each test has to pass the TechEmpower response checks first, or it's marked invalid.

WooCommerce

Page mix

Failed: woo-db stopped before it was ready: cally writing the file full; Please wait ... 2026-10-13 16:50:14 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12.000MiB. 2026-10-13 16:50:14 0 [Note] InnoDB: log sequence number 45434; transaction id 14 2026-10-13 16:50:14 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled. 2026-10-13 16:50:14 0 [Note] Plugin 'wsrep-provider' is disabled. 2026-10-13 16:50:49+00:00 [ERROR] [Entrypoint]: Unable to start server.

Cart and checkout

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
8 virtual users
Add to cart 1.14 2.35 s 2.93 s 2.98 s 0%
Cart 1.14 2.45 s 2.93 s 3.87 s 0%
Checkout 1.14 1.91 s 3.27 s 3.66 s 0%
32 virtual users
Add to cart 1.35 8.34 s 10.7 s 11 s 0%
Cart 1.15 10.1 s 11 s 11.3 s 0%
Checkout 0.899 7.68 s 9.37 s 9.49 s 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 63 to 71 s per level. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200.

Discourse

Signed in

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Topic page 0.424 617 ms 1.2 s 2.53 s 0%
Topic JSON 0.22 320 ms 1.97 s 3.27 s 0%
Home page 0.22 583 ms 4.05 s 4.47 s 0%
Categories page 0.11 588 ms 748 ms 758 ms 0%
User activity page 0.11 374 ms 4.33 s 5.62 s 0%
4 virtual users
Topic page 0.494 2.27 s 5.91 s 10.4 s 0%
Topic JSON 0.27 1.78 s 2.74 s 3.23 s 0%
Home page 0.255 2.06 s 5.19 s 7.42 s 0%
Categories page 0.15 2.79 s 3.43 s 3.54 s 0%
User activity page 0.12 1.8 s 3 s 3.01 s 0%
16 virtual users
Topic page 0.427 2.47 s 4.29 s 4.52 s 0%
Topic JSON 0.235 1.94 s 3.51 s 3.78 s 0%
Home page 0.235 2.26 s 8.91 s 9.2 s 0%
Categories page 0.118 2.57 s 3.43 s 3.47 s 0%
User activity page 0.103 1.88 s 8.02 s 10 s 0%

Anonymous

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
16 virtual users
Topic page no successful responses 0.441 n/a n/a n/a 100%
Topic JSON 0.228 5.21 s 5.21 s 5.21 s 93.3%
Home page 0.198 29.5 s 29.5 s 29.5 s 92.3%
Categories page 0.122 13.9 s 16.3 s 16.5 s 75%
User activity page no successful responses 0.122 n/a n/a n/a 100%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 64 to 68 s per level, after a 29 s warmup. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200. Discourse ran with 2 app workers and 128 MB of Postgres shared buffers, what its installer picks for a 1 GB box. It added a 2 GB swapfile first, the way its installer does, and used up to 1,146 MB of it. The container peaked at 709 MB.

Ghost

Readers

Failed: k6 summary at 4 virtual users didn't parse: k6 recorded no requests for step rss

Staff in Ghost Admin

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Post list 1.4 109 ms 181 ms 309 ms 0%
Post editor 4.23 37.7 ms 80.8 ms 160 ms 0%
Saving a draft 4.23 88 ms 158 ms 208 ms 0%
Member list 1.4 132 ms 255 ms 352 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Post list 1.47 152 ms 204 ms 259 ms 0%
Post editor 4.43 83.6 ms 146 ms 255 ms 0%
Saving a draft 4.45 630 ms 955 ms 1.09 s 0%
Member list 1.48 177 ms 414 ms 465 ms 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 61 s per level, after a 20 s warmup. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200. Ghost ran the way its ghost-docker setup runs it: one Node process, and MySQL with its stock 128 MB buffer pool. Memory peaked with Ghost at 242 MB and MySQL at 538 MB.

Wagtail

Visitors

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Home page 0.698 145 ms 292 ms 995 ms 0%
Blog index 0.698 492 ms 2.06 s 4 s 0%
Blog post 2.06 45.3 ms 89.7 ms 388 ms 0%
Bread page 2.08 48.5 ms 94.2 ms 468 ms 0%
Location page 0.698 49.7 ms 63.9 ms 267 ms 0%
Site search 0.683 78.9 ms 129 ms 469 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Home page 0.112 3.59 s 5.58 s 5.75 s 0%
Blog index 0.128 16.3 s 18.8 s 18.9 s 0%
Blog post 0.369 1.41 s 2.01 s 2.08 s 0%
Bread page 0.353 1.41 s 1.99 s 2.23 s 0%
Location page 0.144 1.4 s 1.77 s 1.88 s 0%
Site search 0.128 1.89 s 4.53 s 4.75 s 0%
16 virtual users
Home page 0.0844 13.2 s 18.5 s 19.1 s 0%
Blog index 0.0985 39.2 s 42.4 s 42.6 s 0%
Blog post 0.295 9.01 s 15.3 s 16.5 s 0%
Bread page 0.338 8.45 s 13.4 s 15.4 s 0%
Location page 0.155 8.89 s 15.1 s 17.2 s 0%
Site search 0.0985 8.6 s 11.9 s 11.9 s 0%

Editors in the Wagtail admin

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Admin dashboard 0.0297 1.3 s 1.56 s 1.59 s 0%
Page explorer 0.0594 5.15 s 7.33 s 7.63 s 0%
Page editor 0.0892 2.55 s 3.68 s 3.86 s 0%
Image library 0.0297 5.4 s 9.62 s 10 s 0%
Admin page search 0.0297 1.19 s 1.46 s 1.48 s 0%
4 virtual users
Admin dashboard 0.0131 6.4 s 6.4 s 6.4 s 0%
Page explorer 0.0524 18.4 s 20.8 s 21.1 s 0%
Page editor 0.0917 10.3 s 16.1 s 17.4 s 0%
Image library 0.0262 5.15 s 5.64 s 5.69 s 0%
Admin page search 0.0131 2 s 2 s 2 s 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 62 to 76 s per level, after a 21 s warmup. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200. Wagtail ran the way bakerydemo ships it: uWSGI with 2 workers of 4 threads each, whatever the box, and Postgres and Redis on stock settings. Memory peaked with Wagtail at 306 MB, Postgres at 176 MB, and Redis at 25 MB.

Advertised vs. measured

Advertised Measured
vCPU 1 1
CPU Shared vCPU 6.7% of busy CPU time stolen
RAM 1 GB 961 MiB
Storage 15 GB SSD 15.4 GiB
Architecture x86_64 x86_64
Virtualization KVM KVM

Guests usually report slightly less RAM and disk than advertised because of kernel reservations and filesystem overhead.

Detected hardware

CPU model
Intel Xeon E3-12xx v2 (Ivy Bridge, IBRS)
CPU cores
1
CPU frequency
3000 MHz
AES-NI
Yes
VM-x/AMD-V
Yes
RAM reported
961 MiB
Swap reported
512 MiB
Disk reported
15.4 GiB
Virtualization reported
KVM
CPU steal
6.7% of busy CPU time stolen
Distro
Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS
Kernel
6.8.0-106-generic
Architecture
x86_64
IPv4 reachable
Yes
IPv6 reachable
Yes

Advertised at test time

Plan
m.1s 1 vCPU / 1 GB
Product line
Memory-Optimized
Location
Toronto
vCPU
1 shared vCPU
Architecture
x86_64
RAM
1 GB
Storage
15 GB SSD
Virtualization
KVM
Network
Unknown
Transfer
1 TB
Port 25
Unknown
Monthly price at test time
$3.50
Hourly price at test time
$0.0049
YABS version
v2026-09-20
Ran at
Oct 13, 2026, 15:00:34 UTC
Parser version
5

Run timeline

Queued
Oct 13, 2026, 14:54:00 UTC
First update from the server
Oct 13, 2026, 14:58:44 UTC
Completed
Oct 13, 2026, 17:48:14 UTC
Server deleted
Oct 13, 2026, 17:48:14 UTC
Cost of this run
$0.014
TestResultTime
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