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LayerOne gc.xlarge

Tampa

Benchmark complete
Finished Oct 15, 2026
Geekbench 7 single-core
1,010
Geekbench 7 multi-core
6,040
Disk 4K IOPS
122,840
fio random read and write, 50/50
Monthly price at test time
$45.00
134 multi-core points per dollar
Same price today

Server

  • Provider
    LayerOne
  • Plan
    gc.xlarge
  • Location
    Tampa
  • vCPU
    8
  • RAM
    32 GB
  • Storage
    500 GB NVMe
  • Network
    2.5 Gbps
  • OS image
    Ubuntu 24.04
  • Trigger
    Scheduled
  • Queued at
    Oct 15, 2026, 19:24:00 UTC
Visit LayerOne

CPU

Version Single-core Multi-core
Geekbench 7 1,010 6,040 Geekbench Browser

Scores from different Geekbench versions aren't comparable with each other. Charts only use Geekbench 7.

Geekbench 7 workloads

Workload Single-core Multi-core
File Compression
993
140th of 191
4,055
28th of 135
Navigation
1,216
112th of 191
Single-core only
HTML5 Browser
849
148th of 191
Single-core only
PDF Viewer
1,119
118th of 191
Single-core only
Photo Library
853
129th of 191
5,585
18th of 135
Clang
1,053
113th of 191
7,827
10th of 135
Text Processing
1,030
110th of 191
5,540
19th of 135
Asset Compression
1,139
112th of 191
9,030
12th of 135
HDR
924
120th of 191
3,689
29th of 135
Photo Editor
1,089
114th of 191
6,321
12th of 135
Ray Tracer
952
138th of 191
8,568
12th of 135
Structure from Motion
1,095
131st of 191
Single-core only
Game Physics
956
138th of 191
Single-core only
Video Encoder
927
130th of 191
Single-core only
Audio Encoder
1,047
127th of 191
Single-core only
Video Player
993
123rd of 191
Single-core only

Rank among the 191 runs with Geekbench 7 workload scores. Bars are relative to the best run. Geekbench doesn't run every workload multi-core, so some rows only have a single-core score.

Memory, TLS and scheduler

Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

Test Result Runs Spread
Copy higher is better 46.2 GB/s 3 7.99%
Scale higher is better 38.6 GB/s 3 11.3%
Add higher is better 45.4 GB/s 3 15%
Triad higher is better 46.4 GB/s 3 13.4%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

Test Result Runs Spread
RSA 4096 signs higher is better 1,858/s 3 2.9%
RSA 4096 verifies higher is better 121,695/s 3 3.66%
SHA-256 higher is better 2.09 GB/s 3 3.78%
AES-256-GCM higher is better 28.2 GB/s 3 3.93%
ChaCha20-Poly1305 higher is better 18.1 GB/s 3 0.728%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Scheduler latency (schbench)

Test Result Runs Spread
Request latency, median lower is better 3.87 ms 3 0%
Requests per second, 90th percentile higher is better 1,954/s 3 0.409%
Request latency, 99.9th percentile lower is better 11 ms 3 0.931%
Requests per second, average higher is better 1,922/s 3 0.263%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Disk

Block size Read Write Total
4K 239.6 MB/s (61,339 IOPS) 240.2 MB/s (61,501 IOPS) 479.8 MB/s (122,840 IOPS)
64K 1.99 GB/s (32,682 IOPS) 2.01 GB/s (32,854 IOPS) 4 GB/s (65,536 IOPS)
512K 4.88 GB/s (10,000 IOPS) 5.14 GB/s (10,531 IOPS) 10.03 GB/s (20,531 IOPS)
1M 4.45 GB/s (4,556 IOPS) 4.75 GB/s (4,859 IOPS) 9.2 GB/s (9,415 IOPS)

fio random read and write, 50/50, run by YABS against the boot disk.

Network

IPv4 transfer speed

Loading...
Target Protocol Send Receive
Clouvider, London, UK (10G) IPv4 633 Mbps 1.93 Gbps
Eranium, Amsterdam, NL (100G) IPv4 607 Mbps 1.92 Gbps
Leaseweb, Singapore, SG (10G) IPv4 584 Mbps 924 Mbps
Clouvider, Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) IPv4 809 Mbps 2.18 Gbps
Leaseweb, NYC, NY, US (10G) IPv4 509 Mbps 2.32 Gbps

Public iperf3 servers vary in capacity and availability. Compare a target only with itself over time.

Datastores

PostgreSQL

fsync speed (pg_test_fsync)

Method Operations per second Time per operation
One 8 kB write
open_datasync 2,193 0.456 ms
fdatasync 1,696 0.59 ms
fsync 658 1.52 ms
fsync_writethrough Not supported here n/a
open_sync 803 1.25 ms
Two 8 kB writes
open_datasync 1,120 0.893 ms
fdatasync 1,613 0.62 ms
fsync 647 1.55 ms
fsync_writethrough Not supported here n/a
open_sync 389 2.57 ms
open_sync at different write sizes
1 * 16kB open_sync write 701 1.43 ms
2 * 8kB open_sync writes 384 2.61 ms
4 * 4kB open_sync writes 185 5.4 ms
8 * 2kB open_sync writes 96.3 10.4 ms
16 * 1kB open_sync writes 45.6 21.9 ms
fsync on a non-write descriptor
write, fsync, close 789 1.27 ms
write, close, fsync 671 1.49 ms
Non-synced 8 kB writes
write 602,472 0.002 ms

pg_test_fsync against the Docker volume Postgres keeps its data on. fdatasync is Linux's default wal_sync_method.

pgbench at scale 10

Workload Clients Transactions/s Median p95 p99 p99.9 Failed
Read/write (TPC-B like) 1 847 1.07 ms 1.74 ms 2.01 ms 2.49 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 8 4,719 1.48 ms 3.01 ms 4.21 ms 7.31 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 32 7,600 2.92 ms 11.6 ms 19.9 ms 37.9 ms 0
Read only 1 17,151 0.053 ms 0.09 ms 0.126 ms 0.206 ms 0
Read only 8 184,856 0.04 ms 0.06 ms 0.074 ms 0.1 ms 0
Read only 32 172,626 0.168 ms 0.292 ms 0.356 ms 0.469 ms 0

Scale 10 (1,000,000 accounts), loaded in 1.79 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

pgbench at scale 100

Workload Clients Transactions/s Median p95 p99 p99.9 Failed
Read/write (TPC-B like) 1 746 1.26 ms 1.97 ms 2.35 ms 3.83 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 8 4,477 1.72 ms 2.71 ms 4.35 ms 9.4 ms 0
Read/write (TPC-B like) 32 10,553 2.66 ms 5.53 ms 8.6 ms 15.3 ms 0
Read only 1 11,701 0.076 ms 0.146 ms 0.208 ms 0.369 ms 0
Read only 8 143,198 0.053 ms 0.075 ms 0.094 ms 0.146 ms 0
Read only 32 116,157 0.254 ms 0.415 ms 0.52 ms 0.981 ms 0

Scale 100 (10,000,000 accounts), loaded in 17.5 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

MySQL

sysbench OLTP

Workload Threads Transactions/s Queries/s Median p95 p99 Errors
Read/write 1 182 3,647 5 ms 8.13 ms 13.5 ms 0
Read/write 8 1,379 27,573 5.37 ms 8.74 ms 14.2 ms 0
Read/write 32 2,400 47,991 12.5 ms 21.9 ms 29.2 ms 0
Read only 1 709 11,350 1.25 ms 2.03 ms 2.91 ms 0
Read only 8 6,926 110,820 1.1 ms 1.47 ms 1.76 ms 0
Read only 32 6,188 99,002 5 ms 7.04 ms 8.28 ms 0

10 tables of 100,000 rows, loaded in 5.9 s. 60 s per run, one connection per thread.

Redis

memtier

Mix Operations/s Hits/s Median p99 p99.9
1:10 set:get 71,415 64,922 0.855 ms 1.74 ms 2.24 ms
1:1 set:get 73,025 36,512 0.831 ms 1.7 ms 2.22 ms

1,000,000 keys of 32 bytes. 64 connections over 4 threads, 60 s per ratio.

Web frameworks

Framework Fortunes req/s Single query req/s JSON req/s Fortunes p99 at 256 connections
Next.js nextjs 2,066 7,344 10,793 242 ms
Express express-postgresjs 27,424 38,449 124,876 19 ms
Fastify fastify-postgres 27,977 40,125 130,810 18.9 ms
NestJS nestjs 15,340 17,216 71,740 30.5 ms
Nuxt nuxt 23,769 36,737 104,813 34.7 ms
FastAPI fastapi 12,324 15,437 59,340 145 ms
Django django-postgresql 5,916 6,962 17,068 152 ms
Rails rails 8,708 12,640 48,497 47.8 ms
Laravel laravel 2,593 2,714 4,683 110 ms
Symfony symfony 3,178 3,517 9,515 95 ms

Peak requests per second across the 64 and 256 connection levels, measured with wrk. Each test has to pass the TechEmpower response checks first, or it's marked invalid.

Web apps

WooCommerce

Page mix

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
8 virtual users
Home page 8.02 189 ms 231 ms 251 ms 0%
Shop page 8.02 256 ms 305 ms 336 ms 0%
Category page 8.02 162 ms 252 ms 291 ms 0%
Product page 8.02 177 ms 216 ms 247 ms 0%
Product search 8.02 153 ms 187 ms 215 ms 0%
32 virtual users
Home page 7.14 881 ms 1.1 s 1.18 s 0%
Shop page 7.14 1.21 s 1.48 s 1.58 s 0%
Category page 7.14 754 ms 1.25 s 1.38 s 0%
Product page 7.14 813 ms 1.02 s 1.13 s 0%
Product search 7.14 701 ms 896 ms 1.03 s 0%

Cart and checkout

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
8 virtual users
Add to cart 15.2 209 ms 244 ms 265 ms 0%
Cart 15.2 169 ms 200 ms 216 ms 0%
Checkout 15.2 130 ms 158 ms 168 ms 0%
32 virtual users
Add to cart 13.6 981 ms 1.23 s 1.32 s 0%
Cart 13.6 792 ms 1 s 1.13 s 0%
Checkout 13.6 623 ms 802 ms 908 ms 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 61 to 63 s per level. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200.

Discourse

Signed in

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Topic page 1.6 266 ms 391 ms 675 ms 0%
Topic JSON 0.806 133 ms 187 ms 233 ms 0%
Home page 0.806 242 ms 335 ms 532 ms 0%
Categories page 0.411 279 ms 398 ms 652 ms 0%
User activity page 0.395 174 ms 224 ms 307 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Topic page 6.76 254 ms 359 ms 696 ms 0%
Topic JSON 3.37 126 ms 162 ms 247 ms 0%
Home page 3.35 224 ms 288 ms 623 ms 0%
Categories page 1.71 266 ms 535 ms 721 ms 0%
User activity page 1.69 161 ms 265 ms 448 ms 0%
16 virtual users
Topic page 13.7 478 ms 643 ms 904 ms 0%
Topic JSON 6.88 352 ms 446 ms 672 ms 0%
Home page 6.85 449 ms 609 ms 824 ms 0%
Categories page 3.43 487 ms 635 ms 848 ms 0%
User activity page 3.45 385 ms 490 ms 725 ms 0%

Anonymous

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
16 virtual users
Topic page 277 14.4 ms 27.9 ms 41.1 ms 0%
Topic JSON 139 13.1 ms 26.8 ms 41.1 ms 0%
Home page 139 14.6 ms 29.2 ms 41.6 ms 0%
Categories page 69.4 14.2 ms 28.6 ms 43.8 ms 0%
User activity page 69.4 82.7 ms 109 ms 204 ms 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 60 to 61 s per level, after a 21 s warmup. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200. Discourse ran with 8 app workers and 4096 MB of Postgres shared buffers, what its installer picks for a 33 GB box. Its installer adds no swap on a box this big. The container peaked at 2,836 MB.

Ghost

Readers

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Home page 6.31 49.7 ms 58.4 ms 64.3 ms 0%
Post page 15.7 22.3 ms 29.8 ms 34.7 ms 0%
Tag page 3.15 29.1 ms 34.5 ms 41.3 ms 0%
Author page 3.15 33 ms 42 ms 44.6 ms 0%
RSS feed 3.15 31.9 ms 40.2 ms 48.3 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Home page 9.07 128 ms 154 ms 166 ms 0%
Post page 22.7 75.1 ms 106 ms 120 ms 0%
Tag page 4.56 76.6 ms 109 ms 120 ms 0%
Author page 4.53 83.2 ms 111 ms 123 ms 0%
RSS feed 4.53 82 ms 119 ms 133 ms 0%
16 virtual users
Home page 8.87 450 ms 529 ms 565 ms 0%
Post page 22.2 383 ms 456 ms 496 ms 0%
Tag page 4.43 243 ms 306 ms 324 ms 0%
Author page 4.48 250 ms 300 ms 321 ms 0%
RSS feed 4.45 251 ms 306 ms 322 ms 0%

Staff in Ghost Admin

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Post list 3.54 39.5 ms 47.7 ms 53.8 ms 0%
Post editor 10.7 16 ms 22.4 ms 26.4 ms 0%
Saving a draft 10.6 43.2 ms 53.7 ms 57.8 ms 0%
Member list 3.55 47.4 ms 58.1 ms 64 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Post list 5.01 52.8 ms 62.4 ms 73.5 ms 0%
Post editor 15.1 25.9 ms 34.4 ms 38.9 ms 0%
Saving a draft 15.1 196 ms 242 ms 256 ms 0%
Member list 5.03 60.4 ms 71.5 ms 75.5 ms 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 60 s per level, after a 20 s warmup. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200. Ghost ran the way its ghost-docker setup runs it: one Node process, and MySQL with its stock 128 MB buffer pool. Memory peaked with Ghost at 527 MB and MySQL at 625 MB.

Wagtail

Visitors

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Home page 1.16 108 ms 127 ms 144 ms 0%
Blog index 1.16 373 ms 424 ms 462 ms 0%
Blog post 3.45 40.3 ms 55.6 ms 67.5 ms 0%
Bread page 3.46 43 ms 51.9 ms 57.6 ms 0%
Location page 1.16 41.9 ms 55.1 ms 56.5 ms 0%
Site search 1.14 63 ms 101 ms 105 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Home page 1.7 284 ms 561 ms 619 ms 0%
Blog index 1.72 1.01 s 2.34 s 2.54 s 0%
Blog post 5.14 79.7 ms 198 ms 283 ms 0%
Bread page 5.14 96.6 ms 207 ms 261 ms 0%
Location page 1.74 89.3 ms 187 ms 213 ms 0%
Site search 1.7 111 ms 348 ms 488 ms 0%
16 virtual users
Home page 2.38 767 ms 998 ms 1.07 s 0%
Blog index 2.42 2.08 s 2.55 s 2.65 s 0%
Blog post 7.11 451 ms 669 ms 786 ms 0%
Bread page 7.13 439 ms 691 ms 818 ms 0%
Location page 2.39 421 ms 615 ms 753 ms 0%
Site search 2.39 533 ms 792 ms 1.01 s 0%

Editors in the Wagtail admin

Step Requests/s Median p95 p99 Error rate
1 virtual user
Admin dashboard 0.537 113 ms 138 ms 150 ms 0%
Page explorer 1.11 400 ms 578 ms 659 ms 0%
Page editor 1.63 199 ms 248 ms 357 ms 0%
Image library 0.537 83.7 ms 107 ms 784 ms 0%
Admin page search 0.537 51.2 ms 98.4 ms 115 ms 0%
4 virtual users
Admin dashboard 0.7 340 ms 956 ms 1.32 s 0%
Page explorer 1.47 918 ms 2.74 s 4.39 s 0%
Page editor 2.17 622 ms 1.37 s 1.52 s 0%
Image library 0.717 384 ms 781 ms 916 ms 0%
Admin page search 0.7 188 ms 528 ms 583 ms 0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 60 to 61 s per level, after a 20 s warmup. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200. Wagtail ran the way bakerydemo ships it: uWSGI with 2 workers of 4 threads each, whatever the box, and Postgres and Redis on stock settings. Memory peaked with Wagtail at 293 MB, Postgres at 148 MB, and Redis at 8 MB.

Advertised vs. measured

Advertised Measured
vCPU 8 8
CPU Shared vCPU 0.1% of busy CPU time stolen
RAM 32 GB 31.3 GiB
Storage 500 GB NVMe 492 GiB
Architecture x86_64 x86_64
Virtualization KVM KVM

Guests usually report slightly less RAM and disk than advertised because of kernel reservations and filesystem overhead.

Detected hardware

CPU model
Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6150 CPU @ 2.70GHz
CPU cores
8
CPU frequency
2694 MHz
AES-NI
Yes
VM-x/AMD-V
Yes
RAM reported
31.3 GiB
Swap reported
2 GiB
Disk reported
492 GiB
Virtualization reported
KVM
CPU steal
0.1% of busy CPU time stolen
Distro
Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS
Kernel
6.8.0-139-generic
Architecture
x86_64
IPv4 reachable
Yes
IPv6 reachable
No

Advertised at test time

Plan
gc.xlarge
Product line
General Compute
Location
Tampa
vCPU
8 shared vCPU
Architecture
x86_64
RAM
32 GB
Storage
500 GB NVMe
Virtualization
KVM
Network
2.5 Gbps
Transfer
10 TB
Port 25
Unknown
Monthly price at test time
$45.00
Hourly price at test time
$0.062
YABS version
v2026-09-20
Ran at
Oct 15, 2026, 19:27:10 UTC
Parser version
5

Run timeline

Queued
Oct 15, 2026, 19:24:00 UTC
First update from the server
Oct 15, 2026, 19:24:52 UTC
Completed
Oct 15, 2026, 21:05:00 UTC
Server deleted
Oct 15, 2026, 21:05:00 UTC
Cost of this run
$0.10
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