UpCloud Premium 1 vCPU / 1 GB

Amsterdam #1

Benchmark complete

Finished Oct 10, 2026

Geekbench 7 single-core

Skipped

Geekbench 7 multi-core

Skipped

Disk 4K IOPS

19,725

fio random read and write, 50/50

Monthly price at test time

€6.00 EUR

Same price today

Server

UpCloud Premium 1 vCPU / 1 GB

Provider

UpCloud
Plan

Premium 1 vCPU / 1 GB
Location

Amsterdam #1
vCPU

1
RAM

1 GB
Storage

25 GB NVMe
Network

Unknown
OS image

01000000-0000-4000-8000-000030240200
Trigger

Scheduled
Queued at

Oct 10, 2026, 01:45:00 UTC

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Latest runs of this plan

Full history of this plan

CPU

Geekbench was skipped because this plan has less than 2 GB of RAM, which isn't enough for Geekbench 7 to run without swap.

Memory, TLS and scheduler

Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

Test	Result	Runs	Spread
Copy higher is better	56.5 GB/s	3	0.366%
Scale higher is better	54.2 GB/s	3	0.309%
Add higher is better	59.5 GB/s	3	0.654%
Triad higher is better	61.2 GB/s	3	2.08%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

Test	Result	Runs	Spread
RSA 4096 signs higher is better	869/s	3	1.6%
RSA 4096 verifies higher is better	24,275/s	3	1.19%
SHA-256 higher is better	1.36 GB/s	3	2.99%
AES-256-GCM higher is better	22.5 GB/s	3	1.05%
ChaCha20-Poly1305 higher is better	5.8 GB/s	3	4.44%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Scheduler latency (schbench)

Test	Result	Runs	Spread
Request latency, median lower is better	2.68 ms	3	0.752%
Requests per second, 90th percentile higher is better	376/s	3	0.933%
Request latency, 99.9th percentile lower is better	4.97 ms	3	2.23%
Requests per second, average higher is better	365/s	3	1.17%

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

Disk

Block size	Read	Write	Total
4K	38.5 MB/s (9,852 IOPS)	38.6 MB/s (9,873 IOPS)	77.1 MB/s (19,725 IOPS)
64K	383.5 MB/s (6,136 IOPS)	385.5 MB/s (6,168 IOPS)	769.1 MB/s (12,304 IOPS)
512K	381.2 MB/s (762 IOPS)	401.5 MB/s (802 IOPS)	782.7 MB/s (1,564 IOPS)
1M	379.3 MB/s (379 IOPS)	404.5 MB/s (404 IOPS)	783.8 MB/s (783 IOPS)

fio random read and write, 50/50, run by YABS against the boot disk.

Network

IPv4 transfer speed

Target	Protocol	Send	Receive
Clouvider, London, UK (10G)	IPv4	1.07 Gbps	1.07 Gbps
Eranium, Amsterdam, NL (100G)	IPv4	1.07 Gbps	1.07 Gbps
Leaseweb, Singapore, SG (10G)	IPv4	332 Mbps	857 Mbps
Clouvider, Los Angeles, CA, US (10G)	IPv4	677 Mbps	961 Mbps
Leaseweb, NYC, NY, US (10G)	IPv4	976 Mbps	991 Mbps

Public iperf3 servers vary in capacity and availability. Compare a target only with itself over time.

Datastores

PostgreSQL

fsync speed (pg_test_fsync)

Method	Operations per second	Time per operation
One 8 kB write
open_datasync	5,977	0.167 ms
fdatasync	6,504	0.154 ms
fsync	4,531	0.221 ms
fsync_writethrough	Not supported here	n/a
open_sync	5,596	0.179 ms
Two 8 kB writes
open_datasync	3,564	0.281 ms
fdatasync	5,618	0.178 ms
fsync	4,806	0.208 ms
fsync_writethrough	Not supported here	n/a
open_sync	2,687	0.372 ms
open_sync at different write sizes
1 * 16kB open_sync write	5,135	0.195 ms
2 * 8kB open_sync writes	2,900	0.345 ms
4 * 4kB open_sync writes	1,472	0.679 ms
8 * 2kB open_sync writes	790	1.27 ms
16 * 1kB open_sync writes	327	3.06 ms
fsync on a non-write descriptor
write, fsync, close	4,435	0.225 ms
write, close, fsync	5,248	0.191 ms
Non-synced 8 kB writes
write	2,990,551	0 ms

pg_test_fsync against the Docker volume Postgres keeps its data on. fdatasync is Linux's default wal_sync_method.

pgbench at scale 10

Workload	Clients	Transactions/s	Median	p95	p99	p99.9
Read/write (TPC-B like)	1	4,016	0.206 ms	0.364 ms	0.849 ms	6.03 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	8	7,112	0.838 ms	2.15 ms	5.32 ms	27 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	32	6,040	3.61 ms	13.6 ms	30.8 ms	65.6 ms
Read only	1	97,552	0.009 ms	0.014 ms	0.017 ms	0.036 ms
Read only	8	85,431	0.081 ms	0.149 ms	0.193 ms	0.29 ms
Read only	32	81,199	0.35 ms	0.464 ms	0.538 ms	1.13 ms

Scale 10 (1,000,000 accounts), loaded in 1.34 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

pgbench at scale 100

Workload	Clients	Transactions/s	Median	p95	p99	p99.9
Read/write (TPC-B like)	1	1,927	0.406 ms	0.796 ms	2.11 ms	21.5 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	8	5,167	1.05 ms	2.7 ms	9.19 ms	45.9 ms
Read/write (TPC-B like)	32	6,282	4.12 ms	8.18 ms	29.4 ms	69.1 ms
Read only	1	7,609	0.12 ms	0.213 ms	0.535 ms	1.49 ms
Read only	8	29,300	0.215 ms	0.411 ms	1.06 ms	19 ms
Read only	32	31,237	0.72 ms	1.57 ms	2.87 ms	25.6 ms

Scale 100 (10,000,000 accounts), loaded in 14.1 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

MySQL

sysbench OLTP

Workload	Threads	Transactions/s	Queries/s	Median	p95	p99
Read/write	1	669	13,381	1.23 ms	2.11 ms	6.43 ms
Read/write	8	1,322	26,444	5.18 ms	9.91 ms	29.7 ms
Read/write	32	1,247	24,936	21.5 ms	50.1 ms	84.5 ms
Read only	1	3,511	56,173	0.266 ms	0.395 ms	0.527 ms
Read only	8	2,994	47,910	2.57 ms	3.55 ms	4.33 ms
Read only	32	2,284	36,539	12.5 ms	19.3 ms	29.2 ms

10 tables of 100,000 rows, loaded in 7.6 s. 60 s per run, one connection per thread.

Redis

memtier

Mix	Operations/s	Hits/s	Median	p99	p99.9
1:10 set:get	138,126	125,569	0.479 ms	0.735 ms	1.57 ms
1:1 set:get	135,943	67,971	0.487 ms	0.743 ms	1.56 ms

1,000,000 keys of 32 bytes. 64 connections over 1 thread, 60 s per ratio.

Web frameworks

Framework	Fortunes req/s	Single query req/s	JSON req/s	Fortunes p99 at 256 connections
Next.js	The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown.
Express express-postgresjs	22,166	21,803	59,405	22.4 ms
Fastify fastify-postgres	21,736	30,169	73,654	207 ms
NestJS nestjs	521	626	14,784	1.39 s
Nuxt nuxt	12,705	21,633	48,415	577 ms
FastAPI fastapi	4,387	5,742	25,715	185 ms
Django django-postgresql	1,869	2,211	6,000	167 ms
Rails rails	3,256	4,486	27,514	95.4 ms
Laravel laravel	904	936	1,609	522 ms
Symfony symfony	1,065	1,144	3,461	307 ms

Peak requests per second across the 64 and 256 connection levels, measured with wrk. Each test has to pass the TechEmpower response checks first, or it's marked invalid.

WooCommerce

Page mix

Step	Requests/s	Median	p95	p99	Error rate
8 virtual users
Home page	2.15	681 ms	829 ms	860 ms	0%
Shop page	2.15	872 ms	1.07 s	1.18 s	0%
Category page	2.15	763 ms	1.04 s	1.12 s	0%
Product page	2.15	669 ms	931 ms	1.12 s	0%
Product search	2.15	634 ms	797 ms	855 ms	0%
32 virtual users
Home page	2.11	2.58 s	2.97 s	3.12 s	0%
Shop page	2.11	3.35 s	4.15 s	4.4 s	0%
Category page	2.11	3.2 s	4.05 s	4.29 s	0%
Product page	2.11	2.83 s	3.16 s	3.51 s	0%
Product search	2.11	2.69 s	3.75 s	3.85 s	0%

Cart and checkout

Step	Requests/s	Median	p95	p99	Error rate
8 virtual users
Add to cart	4.26	650 ms	808 ms	850 ms	0%
Cart	4.26	668 ms	784 ms	837 ms	0%
Checkout	4.26	530 ms	644 ms	773 ms	0%
32 virtual users
Add to cart	4.26	2.45 s	2.98 s	3.2 s	0%
Cart	4.26	2.7 s	3.04 s	3.25 s	0%
Checkout	4.26	2.26 s	2.7 s	2.77 s	0%

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 62 to 70 s per level. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200.

Advertised vs. measured

Spec	Advertised	Measured
vCPU	1	1
CPU	Shared vCPU	0.5% of busy CPU time stolen
RAM	1 GB	848 MiB
Storage	25 GB NVMe	24.5 GiB
Architecture	x86_64	x86_64
Virtualization	KVM	KVM

Guests usually report slightly less RAM and disk than advertised because of kernel reservations and filesystem overhead.

Detected hardware

CPU model: AMD EPYC 9575F 64-Core Processor
CPU cores: 1
CPU frequency: 3295 MHz
AES-NI: Yes
VM-x/AMD-V: No
RAM reported: 848 MiB
Swap reported: 0 MiB
Disk reported: 24.5 GiB
Virtualization reported: KVM
CPU steal: 0.5% of busy CPU time stolen
Distro: Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Kernel: 6.8.0-137-generic
Architecture: x86_64
IPv4 reachable: Yes
IPv6 reachable: Yes

Advertised at test time

Plan: Premium 1 vCPU / 1 GB
Product line: Premium
Location: Amsterdam #1
vCPU: 1 shared vCPU
Architecture: x86_64
RAM: 1 GB
Storage: 25 GB NVMe
Virtualization: KVM
Network: Unknown
Transfer: 512 GB
Port 25: Unknown
Monthly price at test time: €6.00 EUR
Hourly price at test time: €0.0089 EUR
YABS version: v2026-09-20
Ran at: Oct 10, 2026, 01:46:44 UTC
Parser version: 5

Run timeline

Queued: Oct 10, 2026, 01:45:00 UTC
Server created: Oct 10, 2026, 01:46:39 UTC
First update from the server: Oct 10, 2026, 01:46:39 UTC
Completed: Oct 10, 2026, 02:53:00 UTC
Server deleted: Oct 10, 2026, 02:53:00 UTC
Cost of this run: €0.010 EUR

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Server

Latest runs of this plan

CPU

Memory, TLS and scheduler

Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

Scheduler latency (schbench)

Disk

Network

IPv4 transfer speed

Datastores

PostgreSQL

fsync speed (pg_test_fsync)

pgbench at scale 10

pgbench at scale 100

MySQL

sysbench OLTP

Redis

memtier

Web frameworks

WooCommerce

Page mix

Cart and checkout

Advertised vs. measured

Detected hardware

Advertised at test time

Run timeline

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